Conditional Sentence
Conditional sentence (sentence
modality) is a sentence that expresses a hope or a picture of a reverie in the
form of a conditional sentence. Sentence modality consists of two parts: the
main clause (main clause) and the if clause (clause). In the if clause
contained in the conditions that must be met in order for the state as
contained in the main clause can be realized.
In English Conditional sentence, the
Conditional clause (protasis) is dependent clause, most commonly introduced by
the conjuction if. Other conjunctions or equipment expressions may also be
used, such as unless (meaning
“if……not”), provided(that) and as long
as.
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Verb form in
US CLAUSE
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Verb form in
RESULT CLAUSE
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Meaning
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1.
Present Tense
S+V1+s/es
S+to
be(am/is/are/has/have
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Future Tense
S+will+v1
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Real in Present/Future
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2.
Past Tense
S+V2
S+ to
be(am/is/are/was/were/will
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Past Future
S+ would+V1
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Unreal in Present/
Future
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3.
Past Present
S+Has+V3
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Past Future Perfect
S+Would have+V3
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Unreal in Past
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“First
conditional” or conditional I refers to a pattern
used in predidictive conditional sentences,i.e. those that concern consequences
of a possible future event(see types of conditional sentences). In the basic
first conditional pattern, the condition is expressed using the present tense
(having future meaning in this context). And the consequence using the future
construction with will (or Shall).
Example:
1. If I have a screwdriver or the proper
size, I will fix your bicycle. 2. If he has a sharp razor, Jack will shave today.
3. If I think the ice is amazing, I will go skating.
4. If we leave her in the house alone, our cat never will eat.
5. If you make a mistake, someone will let you know.
6. If he has stirred by 10 o’clock, I will wake him.
7. If they all do their best, the party will be great.
8. If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
9. If I have free time, I will studing.
10. If he has time, he will take a walk in the park.
2. Second
conditional
“Second
conditional” or “conditional II” refers to a
pattern used to describe hypothetical, typically counterfactual situations with
a present or future time frame (for past time frames the third conditional is
used). In the normal form of the second conditional. The condition clase is in
the past tense (although it does not have past meaning), and the consequence is
expressed using the conditional construction with the auxiliary would
Example:
1.
If I liked parties, I would attend
more of them.
2.
If it rained tomorrow, people would
dance in the street.
3.
If she find out, she’ll kill me.
4.
If the weather were very bad, we
would take the train.
5.
If I went to the post office, I
would get you some stamp.
6.
If the weather were very bad, all
campus would closed.
7.
If I played the lottery, I would
have a chance to hit the
jackpot.
8.
If I hit the jackpot, I would be rich.
9.
If I owned a lonely island, I would
build a huge house by the
beach.
10. If Sarah studied hard, she would passed
3. Third
conditional
“Third
conditional” or “conditional III” is pattern
used to refer to hypothetical situations in a past time frame, generally
counterfactual (or ar least presented as counterfactual, or likely to be
counterfactual). Here the condition clause is in the past perfect, and the
consequence is using conditional perfect.
Example:
1.
If you had called me, I would have
come
2.
If I had helped him, he would heve
succeeded
3.
If you hadn’t understood this math
problem, I would have explained to you.
4.
If you hadn’t driven more carefully,
you would have had an accident
5.
If he had made a large sale, he
would have taken his his wife out to an expensive restaurant.
6.
If her husband hadn’t llike her new
dress, she would have returned her new dress to the store.
7.
If the midfielders had passed the
ball more exactly, our team would have had more chances to attack.
8.
If the forwards had run faster, they
would have scored more goals.
9.
If you had asked me, I would have
helped you.
10. If we had gone to the cinema, we would have seen my friend
Leni.
Note:
In
writing conditional sentences, we may put the “IF CLAUSE” before the “RESULT
CLAUSE” and vice versa.
However,
we must put comma(,) at the end of the “RESULT CLAUSE”if the “IF CLAUSE” is put
before the “RESULT CLAUSE”.
Also,
the meaning of the fact must be on the contrary with the conditional sentence.
So, if the conditional sentence is in positive form, the fact will be in
negative one and vice versa.
Resource:
English
book, Gunadarma
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
